Imide-Functionalized Polymer Semiconductors

Imide-functionalized π-conjugated polymer semiconductors have received a great deal of interest owing to their unique physicochemical properties and optoelectronic characteristics, including excellent solubility, highly planar backbones, widely tunable band gaps and energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals, and good film morphology. The organic electronics community has witnessed rapid expansion of the materials library and remarkable improvement in device performance recently. This review summarizes the development of imide-functionalized polymer semiconductors as well as their device performance in organic thin-film transistors and polymer solar cells, mainly achieved in the past three years. The materials mainly cover naphthalene diimide, perylene diimide, and bithiophene imide, and other imide-based polymer semiconductors are also discussed. The perspective offers our insights for developing new imide-functionalized building blocks and polymer semiconductors with optimized optoelectronic properties. We hope that this review will generate more research interest in the community to realize further improved device performance by developing new imide-functionalized polymer semiconductors.     

Strategies in boosting photosensitization for biomedical applications

Science China Chemistry -     

常压下玉米秸秆液化工艺的优化及其生物油分析

随着化石能源的日益短缺，可再生木质生物质资源的利用越来越受到重视，常压液化技术是生物质资源高效利用的主要方式之一。利用单因素方法，探讨液化温度、复配液化剂二甘醇（DEG）与1,2-丙二醇（PG）的混合比、液固比、催化剂磷酸的用量、反应时间等因素对玉米秸秆液化得率的影响，以便优化其液化工艺；然后采用热重分析仪（TGA）、气相色谱-质谱技术（GC-MS）和核磁共振（NMR）技术对此优化条件下所得生物油的挥发降解特性和主要组成成分进行了检测探讨。分析表明，玉米秸秆液化时优化工艺参数为：液化温度170 ℃，液化剂DEG与PG混合比1∶2，液固比5∶1，H₃PO₄用量10%，反应时间45 min；此时玉米秸秆液化得率高至99.50%。TGA结果表明，此条件下所得生物油含有80%以上碳数小于25的化合物，热解后最终残炭量约为15%。GC-MS表明，可以检测出此生物油中含有的39种有机物，其中，醇类有机物的含量最多，酚类有机物的含量次之，它们相对含量依次是70.70%和25.63%，其还含有一定量的有机酸（2.80%）、醚类（0.64%）、酯类（0.10%）和酮类（0.13%）等有机物；其组分十分复杂，高含氧量，稳定性较差。1H-和13C-NMR分析表明，不同化学位移δ与生物油中不同类型的质子和碳原子相对应，明确生物油中不同类型H和C的分布，有利于对其分子结构进行深入探讨。这些研究为非木材生物质高效液化条件的选择及液化产物制备化学品和生物燃油给予理论基础与应用支持，促进了生物质资源的有效转化利用及其生物质基产品的开发。     

Integral Representations of the Large and Little Schröder Numbers

In the paper, the authors establish several integral representations for the generating functions of the large and little Schröder numbers and for the large and little Schröder numbers.     

幽门螺杆菌感染引起非消化系统疾病的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌是一种革兰氏阴性微需氧型细菌, 可引起消化性溃疡、膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤和萎缩性胃炎, 是胃癌的主要诱因. 但近年来, 流行病学调查和动物实验数据提示, 该菌感染与一些非消化系统疾病, 如缺铁性贫血、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、菌血症、肺炎以及类风湿性关节炎等的发生密切相关. 本文就幽门螺杆菌感染引发非消化系统疾病的新进展进行系统剖析, 以期全面展现幽门螺杆菌感染的新领域.     

油-气-水三相流超声传感器持气率测量*

为探索油-气-水三相流持气率测量难题,该文开展了脉冲透射式超声传感器持气率测量动态实验研究。首先,利用超声传感器与光纤传感器组合,测取了油-气-水三相流中段塞流、混状流、泡状流的响应信号;其次,提取了超声脉冲信号的最大值序列来反映不同流型时超声传感器响应特性,同时,借助双头光纤传感器与相关测速法,计算得到了流体中气泡弦长序列;最后,结合流型与泡径信息,利用超声传感器测量了不同流型下持气率,并分析了不同流型持气率预测的误差来源,为其他油-气-水三相流持气率测量传感器设计提供了借鉴。     

Experimental studies on the effect of ultrasonic treatment and hydrogen donors on residual oil characteristics

Residual oil, the residue after the distillation of crude oil, imposes deleterious effects on refinery due to its high viscosity and asphaltene content. In this context, ultrasonic technology has been widely applied in refining processes given its high efficiency and minimal environmental impacts. To guide the selection of operation parameters, in this work, we probed the effect of treatment duration, power, and hydrogen donor on the characteristics of residual oil under ultrasonic treatments. Underlying mechanisms of ultrasonic treatments, in the absence and presence of hydrogen donors, were verified through systematically analyzing viscosity, component conversion, molecular weight, hydrogen distribution, and functional groups of residual oil. While viscosity reductions under low-power density treatment are caused by colloidal system disaggregation, high-power density treatment can bring in both chemical bond cleavage and colloidal system disaggregation. In addition, adding hydrogen donor can effectively prevent radical recombination, and thus increases the yield of saturate. These results provide fundamental understandings on the effects of ultrasonic treatments.     

互逆规划的拓宽和深化及其在结构拓扑优化的应用

本文的工作涉及数学与力学两方面,数学方面:(1) 将数学规划论中新提出的互逆规划,从 s-m 型 (或称为 m-s 型) 发展出 s-s 型和 m-m 型互逆规划 (其中 s 意为单目标,m 意为多目标),从而使互逆规划的定义完备成为 3 种;(2) 从 KKT 条件审视互逆规划的两方面,得到了互逆规划双方求解涉及拟同构和拟同解的 3 个定理,并且予以证明,提供了在求解中对于互逆规划双方在求解中相互借鉴的理论基础;(3) 对一对互逆规划双方皆合理的情况和某一方不合理的情况,皆给出了求解策略和具体解法. 力学方面:(1) 给出结构优化设计模型合理与否的诠释;(2) 在互逆规划对结构拓扑优化的应用中,提出了不合理结构拓扑优化模型的求解策略;(3) 给出了借助 MVCC 模型 (多个柔顺度约束下的体积最小化) 解决 MCVC 模型 (对于给定体积下的多个柔顺度的最小化) 的途径,其中的建模基于 ICM (独立连续映射) 方法. 用 Matlab 编程给出了数值算例. 其中两个数学问题图示了互逆规划的双方关系;其中,结构拓扑优化问题是众多结构拓扑优化中的两个个案;数值结果均支持了本文提出的互逆规划理论.